Post date: Oct 22, 2011 6:1:10 AM
There are 83 exoplanets in the habitable zone (HZ) in the currently known 694 exoplanets, but many exhibit wide elliptical orbits that take them just inside or outside the edges of the HZ during parts of their orbits. Those that stay within the HZ, instead of just crossing it, are more interesting candidates for habitable exoplanets and exomoons. Here we identified those that stay partially or continuously within the HZ. There are 119 that cross the HZ but only 33 that actually stay within the HZ throughout their orbits (Figure 1 and Table 1). This means that only 33, out of the original 83 exoplanets in the HZ, are better candidates for habitable exoplanets and exomoons.
There are many interesting cases that can be considered. For example, 16 Cyg B b is a gas giant exoplanet in the habitable zone (HZD between -1 and +1) but its wide elliptical orbit takes it outside the inner and outer edges of the HZ. Gliese 581 d and HD 85512 b, the only two known potentially habitable exoplanets, are not always within their HZ. This could impact their habitability. We will be presenting other interesting numbers, such as the range of equilibrium temperatures and time spent in the HZ, for the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog.
Figure 1. Orbits of 694 exoplanets (some outside the range) in habitable zone units (HZU). In these units the HZ has a fixed size and the crossing orbits of exoplanets are easier to visualize. The HZ (light blue shaded area) correspond to HZD values between -1 and +1 HZU. Orbits of exoplanets outside the outer edge of the HZ are shown in blue and those outside the inner edge as red. Those that just cross the HZ are shown in light green and those continuously within the HZ in dark green.
Table 1. List of exoplanets partially crossing (black text) or continuously (red text) within the habitable zone. The table lists their mass (M), radius (R), period (P), mean distance (d), equilibrium temperature (Teq), habitable zone distance (HZD). Radius was estimated for many with a mass-radius relationship.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name M(EU) R(EU) P(days) d(AU) Teq(K) HZD HZ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 Cyg B b 533.90 7.44 800. 1.22 228. -0.10 Partial
24 Sex c 273.31 6.02 883. 1.99 353. -1.26 Partial
30 Ari B b 3139.86 13.02 335. 0.95 309. -0.96 Partial
47 Uma b 804.03 8.47 1078. 2.10 200. 0.53 Full
55 Cnc f 45.76 3.42 261. 0.78 252. -0.50 Full
61 Vir d 22.88 2.75 123. 0.45 354. -1.26 Partial
BD-17 63 b 1620.78 10.56 656. 1.13 163. 1.54 Partial
eps Eridani b 492.59 12.37 2502. 2.41 137. 3.11 Partial
GJ 3021 b 1070.99 9.27 134. 0.42 357. -1.27 Partial
Gl 581 d 6.04 1.81 67. 0.21 183. 0.62 Partial
Gliese 876 b 723.19 8.19 61. 0.21 194. 0.33 Full
Gliese 876 c 226.97 5.68 30. 0.13 250. -0.58 Full
HAT-P-13 c 4608.10 14.70 448. 0.88 330. -1.13 Partial
HD 106252 b 2402.57 11.96 1600. 2.38 172. 1.41 Partial
HD 106270 b 3495.80 13.47 2890. 3.94 198. 0.52 Partial
HD 10647 b 295.55 6.17 1003. 2.02 197. 0.64 Full
HD 10697 b 2027.56 11.34 1076. 2.15 223. -0.01 Full
HD 108874 b 432.21 6.96 395. 1.05 257. -0.55 Full
HD 108874 c 323.52 6.35 1606. 2.59 163. 1.67 Partial
HD 113538 b 85.81 4.18 263. 0.56 222. -0.12 Partial
HD 114729 b 266.95 5.98 1135. 1.97 215. 0.14 Partial
HD 114783 b 317.80 6.31 501. 1.19 182. 0.89 Partial
HD 11506 b 1093.23 9.33 1270. 2.37 204. 0.45 Partial
HD 11964 b 197.67 5.43 1945. 3.16 192. 0.61 Full
HD 125612 b 953.40 8.93 502. 1.22 242. -0.30 Full
HD 12661 b 730.94 8.21 264. 0.77 306. -0.97 Partial
HD 126614 b 120.76 4.65 1244. 2.14 176. 1.22 Partial
HD 128311 b 692.80 8.08 449. 1.06 181. 0.89 Partial
HD 131496 b 699.16 8.10 883. 2.06 324. -1.12 Partial
HD 134987 b 505.30 7.31 258. 0.79 319. -1.06 Partial
HD 137388 b 70.87 3.93 330. 0.83 230. -0.18 Full
HD 141937 b 3082.66 12.94 653. 1.39 228. -0.08 Partial
HD 142 b 327.33 6.37 339. 0.93 262. -0.54 Partial
HD 142245 b 603.82 7.73 1299. 2.62 303. -0.99 Partial
HD 142415 b 514.84 7.35 386. 0.91 274. -0.70 Partial
HD 147513 b 384.54 6.71 528. 1.27 223. -0.01 Full
HD 148156 b 270.13 6.00 1010. 2.09 211. 0.31 Partial
HD 153950 b 867.59 8.67 499. 1.20 283. -0.77 Partial
HD 154672 b 1595.36 10.51 164. 0.48 412. -1.47 Partial
HD 154857 b 572.04 7.60 409. 1.06 363. -1.30 Partial
HD 156411 b 235.17 5.74 842. 1.83 282. -0.78 Partial
HD 16175 b 1398.32 10.08 990. 1.70 278. -0.73 Partial
HD 163607 c 727.76 8.20 1314. 2.40 201. 0.43 Full
HD 164509 b 152.54 5.01 282. 0.84 292. -0.86 Partial
HD 168443 c 5463.94 15.51 1750. 2.77 182. 0.99 Partial
HD 169830 c 1283.91 9.81 2102. 3.40 203. 0.50 Partial
HD 170469 b 212.93 5.56 1145. 2.23 190. 0.79 Partial
HD 171028 b 629.24 7.83 550. 1.07 338. -1.18 Partial
HD 183263 b 1166.33 9.52 626. 1.41 240. -0.28 Full
HD 188015 b 400.43 6.79 456. 1.18 235. -0.24 Full
HD 190984 b 985.18 9.03 4885. 4.52 154. 2.36 Partial
HD 192310 c 23.83 2.79 526. 1.12 178. 1.05 Partial
HD 196050 b 899.37 8.77 1316. 2.41 189. 0.82 Partial
HD 196885 A b 947.04 8.91 1326. 2.28 248. -0.34 Partial
HD 19994 b 533.90 7.44 536. 1.35 315. -1.03 Partial
HD 202206 b 5529.72 15.57 256. 0.75 296. -0.90 Partial
HD 202206 c 775.43 8.37 1383. 2.46 163. 1.77 Partial
HD 20367 b 340.05 6.45 500. 1.22 266. -0.59 Full
HD 2039 b 1557.22 10.43 1183. 1.63 226. -0.03 Partial
HD 205739 b 435.39 6.97 280. 0.86 338. -1.16 Partial
HD 20868 b 632.42 7.85 381. 0.63 237. -0.34 Partial
HD 210277 b 390.89 6.74 442. 0.97 260. -0.57 Partial
HD 213240 b 1430.10 10.15 951. 1.81 240. -0.26 Full
HD 216435 b 400.43 6.79 1311. 2.55 225. -0.04 Full
HD 216437 b 578.40 7.63 1256. 2.22 175. 1.25 Partial
HD 216770 b 206.57 5.51 118. 0.43 354. -1.26 Partial
HD 217786 b 4131.40 14.20 1319. 2.18 201. 0.51 Partial
HD 218566 b 66.74 3.86 226. 0.66 243. -0.42 Full
HD 222582 b 2462.95 12.06 572. 0.93 278. -0.75 Partial
HD 23079 b 794.50 8.43 626. 1.50 224. -0.01 Full
HD 23596 b 2574.18 12.23 1565. 2.75 226. -0.05 Full
HD 28185 b 1811.46 10.94 383. 1.03 242. -0.35 Full
HD 28254 b 368.65 6.62 1116. 1.26 271. -0.68 Partial
HD 30562 b 409.96 6.84 1157. 1.49 270. -0.66 Partial
HD 30856 b 572.04 7.60 912. 1.94 323. -1.11 Partial
HD 31253 b 158.90 5.07 466. 1.20 313. -1.02 Partial
HD 33564 b 2891.98 12.68 388. 1.03 284. -0.77 Partial
HD 34445 b 251.06 5.86 1049. 1.99 214. 0.18 Full
HD 37124 b 214.51 5.58 154. 0.53 307. -0.99 Partial
HD 37124 c 207.21 5.52 886. 1.70 172. 1.36 Partial
HD 38529 c 5625.06 15.65 2135. 3.45 211. 0.22 Partial
HD 38801 b 3400.46 13.35 696. 1.70 281. -0.80 Full
HD 39091 b 3273.34 13.19 2049. 2.60 233. -0.17 Partial
HD 40979 b 1042.38 9.19 263. 0.80 336. -1.15 Partial
HD 4203 b 657.85 7.95 432. 0.99 291. -0.86 Partial
HD 43197 b 190.68 5.37 328. 0.51 339. -1.19 Partial
HD 44219 b 184.32 5.32 472. 0.94 300. -0.93 Partial
HD 45350 b 568.86 7.59 891. 1.21 260. -0.56 Partial
HD 50554 b 1639.85 10.60 1293. 2.09 190. 0.81 Partial
HD 5319 b 616.53 7.78 675. 1.74 305. -1.00 Partial
HD 69830 d 18.43 2.57 197. 0.63 283. -0.82 Full
HD 7199 b 92.16 4.27 615. 1.34 201. 0.40 Full
HD 73267 b 972.47 8.99 1260. 2.12 164. 1.62 Partial
HD 73526 c 794.50 8.43 378. 1.04 295. -0.90 Partial
HD 73534 b 365.47 6.60 1800. 3.15 200. 0.36 Full
HD 74156 c 2551.93 12.19 2476. 3.07 192. 0.75 Partial
HD 7449 b 352.76 6.53 1275. 1.32 233. -0.14 Partial
HD 75898 b 797.68 8.44 418. 1.18 309. -0.98 Partial
HD 80606 b 1252.13 10.32 111. 0.16 614. -1.80 Partial
HD 81040 b 2180.11 11.60 1002. 1.65 181. 1.03 Partial
HD 82943 b 556.15 7.53 441. 1.16 254. -0.48 Full
HD 82943 c 638.78 7.87 219. 0.70 328. -1.12 Partial
HD 8535 b 216.10 5.59 1313. 2.42 190. 0.86 Partial
HD 85512 b 3.50 1.52 58. 0.26 299. -0.96 Partial
HD 86264 b 2224.60 11.68 1475. 2.04 263. -0.55 Partial
HD 8673 b 4512.76 14.60 1634. 2.09 243. -0.26 Partial
HD 92788 b 1226.71 9.67 326. 0.91 255. -0.51 Full
HD 9446 c 578.40 7.63 193. 0.65 316. -1.04 Partial
HD 96167 b 216.10 5.59 499. 0.92 363. -1.29 Partial
HD 99706 b 444.92 7.02 868. 1.99 358. -1.28 Partial
HIP 14810 c 406.78 6.83 148. 0.54 330. -1.14 Partial
HIP 14810 d 181.15 5.29 962. 1.86 177. 1.13 Partial
HIP 57050 b 94.70 4.31 41. 0.16 226. -0.26 Full
HIP 57274 d 167.48 5.16 432. 0.97 171. 1.18 Partial
kappa CrB b 572.04 7.60 1191. 2.65 292. -0.90 Partial
Kepler-16 (AB) b 105.83 8.45 229. 0.70 188. 0.59 Full
mu Ara b 532.63 7.43 643. 1.49 230. -0.14 Full
mu Ara d 165.86 5.14 311. 0.92 293. -0.88 Full
ups And d 3238.38 13.15 1303. 2.45 223. 0.05 Full
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------