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HEC: Data of Potential Habitable Worlds

Here are summary lists of all potential habitable worlds as part of the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog (HEC). The lists include both confirmed and unconfirmed exoplanets (Kepler candidates), including predicted exomoons in both cases. The lists are updated with corrections and new additions as new results are available. Check the methods section for explanations of the habitability metrics and classes used on these lists. 

IMPORTANT NOTE: HEC lists of potential habitable worlds only serves as a database of objects of interest for follow-up observations and for statistical studies. More observations and new ground and space observatories are necessary to confirm the potential for life of any of these worlds. HEC also corrects or model many of the planetary properties combining different databases, so the numbers might not match those of other exoplanets databases. Check for example the Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia or the NASA Exoplanet Archive for observed values. The PHL's Exoplanets Catalog has more details for all exoplanets.

Last Update: May 22, 2013
I. Potential Habitable Exoplanets

Potential Habitable Exoplanets: 10
Known confirmed and unconfirmed potentially habitable exoplanets discovered by all the world ground or space observatories.

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            Name            pClass  hClass   M(EU)   R(EU) P(days)  D(lyr)  Teq(K)   Ts(K)     ESI

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     Kepler-62 e  Warm Superterran       M    3.58    1.61   122.4  1200.0    261.    304.    0.83

        Gl 581 g* Warm Superterran       M    2.59    1.41    32.1    20.2    231.    283.    0.82

       GJ 667C c  Warm Superterran       M    4.91    1.86    28.1    23.6    246.    300.    0.79

     Kepler-22 b  Warm Superterran       M    6.36    2.10   289.9   535.9    250.    304.    0.75

       tau Cet e* Warm Superterran       T    4.95    1.86   168.1    11.9    282.    336.    0.74

     Kepler-61 b  Warm Superterran       P    6.66    2.15    59.9   880.2    273.    313.    0.72

     Kepler-62 f  Warm Superterran       P    2.58    1.41   367.3  1200.0    201.    243.    0.69

        Gl 163 c  Warm Superterran       T    8.30    2.41    25.6    48.9    279.    334.    0.68

      HD 40307 g* Warm Superterran       M    8.18    2.39   197.8    41.7    224.    279.    0.67

        Gl 581 d  Warm Superterran       P    6.86    2.18    66.7    20.2    181.    236.    0.50

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* planet candidates

Potential Habitable Exoplanets from NASA Kepler Candidates: 18*
Mostly unconfirmed potentially habitable exoplanets discovered by the NASA Kepler mission (some already confirmed and listed by their Kepler name in the table above).
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            Name            pClass  hClass   M(EU)   R(EU) P(days)  D(lyr)  Teq(K)   Ts(K)     ESI
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     KOI-1686.01  Warm Superterran       M    2.21    1.33    56.9  1033.8    246.    297.    0.89
     KOI-3010.01  Warm Superterran       M    2.57    1.41    60.9  1218.0    264.    316.    0.87
      KOI-701.03  Warm Superterran       M    3.20    1.54   122.4   741.7    254.    307.    0.85
      KOI-463.01  Warm Superterran       T    3.10    1.52    18.5   564.3    271.    324.    0.83
      KOI-172.02  Warm Superterran       T    3.20    1.54   242.5  1683.6    282.    335.    0.79
      KOI-812.03  Warm Superterran       M    4.53    1.79    46.2  1474.1    265.    319.    0.79
     KOI-2474.01  Warm Superterran       T    3.82    1.66   176.8  1605.7    282.    335.    0.78
     KOI-2418.01  Warm Superterran       M    3.82    1.66    86.8   996.9    228.    281.    0.77
     KOI-2469.01  Warm Superterran       M    5.81    2.01   131.2  1556.8    263.    317.    0.76
     KOI-1361.01  Warm Superterran       M    5.99    2.04    59.9   917.1    258.    312.    0.76
       KOI-87.01  Warm Superterran       M    6.36    2.10   289.9   535.9    250.    304.    0.75
     KOI-1298.02  Warm Superterran       M    6.29    2.09    92.7  1496.7    247.    302.    0.75
      KOI-854.01  Warm Superterran       M    4.76    1.83    56.1  1077.7    228.    282.    0.74
     KOI-2762.01  Warm Superterran       M    5.34    1.93   133.0  1169.5    229.    284.    0.73
     KOI-2834.01  Warm Superterran       M    7.34    2.26   136.2  2150.0    255.    310.    0.73
     KOI-1871.01  Warm Superterran       T    7.03    2.21    92.7  1176.7    269.    324.    0.72
     KOI-2770.01  Warm Superterran       P    6.85    2.18   205.4  1470.3    199.    254.    0.58
      KOI-518.03  Warm Superterran       P    7.09    2.22   247.4   878.3    195.    250.    0.56
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* includes those already confirmed Kepler-22 b (KOI-87.01), Kepler-62 e (KOI-701.03), Kepler-61 b (KOI-1361.01), and Kepler-69c (KOI-172.02). KOI-172.02 is part of this list but after its confirmation as Kepler-69c it was found that it is not longer in the habitable zone. Kepler-62 f is not in this list but it is now a confirmed.

II. Candidates for Potential Habitable Exomoons


Candidates for Potential Habitable Exomoons from Confirmed Exoplanets: 26

Objects of interest for the search of habitable exomoons among the confirmed exoplanets. Only large warm jovians are most likely to have large exomoons with habitable surfaces (not considering the possibility of subsurface life).

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            Name            pClass  hClass   M(EU)   R(EU) P(days)  D(lyr)  Teq(K)   Ts(K)     ESI

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   HD 222582 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.28    0.66   572.4   136.9    222.    264.    0.86

    HD 86264 b m       Warm Terran       P    0.26    0.64  1475.0   236.7    214.    257.    0.83

    HD 38801 b m    Warm Subterran       T    0.39    0.73   696.3   324.0    281.    325.    0.83

   HD 202206 b m    Warm Subterran       T    0.64    0.86   255.9   151.1    278.    324.    0.82

    HD 33564 b m    Warm Subterran       M    0.33    0.70   388.0    68.4    274.    317.    0.82

    HD 28185 b m    Warm Subterran       M    0.21    0.60   383.0   128.4    242.    283.    0.81

    HD 16175 b m    Warm Subterran       M    0.16    0.56   990.0   194.9    244.    284.    0.79

   HD 141937 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.36    0.71   653.2   109.1    216.    260.    0.78

    HD 23596 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.30    0.67  1565.0   169.5    220.    263.    0.77

    HD 39091 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.38    0.73  2049.0    59.7    202.    247.    0.77

    HD 92788 b m    Warm Subterran       M    0.12    0.51   325.8   107.0    246.    285.    0.77

     ups And d m    Warm Subterran       P    0.32    0.69  1302.6    43.9    218.    261.    0.77

   HD 213240 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.17    0.56   951.0   132.8    223.    264.    0.76

   HD 221287 b m       Warm Terran       M    0.11    0.50   456.1   172.5    259.    298.    0.76

   HD 183263 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.13    0.52   626.5   172.8    230.    270.    0.76

 HD 196885 A b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.11    0.49  1326.0   107.6    228.    267.    0.74

    HD 10697 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.20    0.60  1076.4   106.1    222.    263.    0.74

    HAT-P-13 c m    Warm Subterran       M    0.53    0.81   448.2   697.6    276.    322.    0.74

   HD 125612 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.11    0.49   502.0   172.2    224.    263.    0.73

    30 Ari B b m    Warm Subterran       T    0.36    0.72   335.1   128.4    300.    344.    0.73

   HD 153950 b m       Warm Terran       M    0.10    0.48   499.4   161.7    272.    310.    0.72

    HD 38529 c m    Warm Subterran       P    0.56    0.83  2134.8   128.1    202.    248.    0.72

   HD 132406 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.21    0.60   974.0   231.5    209.    250.    0.70

    HD 11506 b m    Warm Subterran       P    0.13    0.51  1270.0   175.5    201.    240.    0.62

   HD 169830 c m    Warm Subterran       P    0.15    0.54  2102.0   118.4    196.    236.    0.62

   HD 120084 b m    Warm Subterran       T    0.17    0.56  2082.0   318.5    304.    345.    0.59

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Candidates for Potential Habitable Exomoons from NASA Kepler: 12

Objects of interest for the search of habitable exomoons among the NASA Kepler Candidates. Only large warm jovians are most likely to have large exomoons with habitable surfaces (not considering the possibility of subsurface life). Mass and radius are fixed minimums.

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            Name            pClass  hClass   M(EU)   R(EU) P(days)  D(lyr)  Teq(K)   Ts(K)     ESI

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    KOI-375.01 m    Warm Subterran       M    0.30    0.67   600.0  2207.2    258.    301.    0.86

   KOI-2933.01 m    Warm Subterran       M    0.30    0.67   119.1  1856.3    251.    294.    0.86

    KOI-422.01 m    Warm Subterran       M    0.30    0.67   480.0  3644.7    259.    302.    0.86

   KOI-2992.01 m    Warm Subterran       M    0.30    0.67    82.7  1375.4    240.    284.    0.84

    KOI-682.01 m    Warm Subterran       M    0.30    0.67   562.1  2351.4    240.    283.    0.84

   KOI-1463.01 m    Warm Subterran       M    0.30    0.67   580.0  1115.2    236.    279.    0.83

   KOI-1032.01 m    Warm Subterran       M    0.30    0.67   650.0  3592.6    280.    323.    0.81

    KOI-433.02 m    Warm Subterran       P    0.30    0.67   328.2  2126.3    228.    271.    0.79

    KOI-113.01 m    Warm Subterran       T    0.30    0.67   386.6  1290.3    285.    328.    0.79

   KOI-1096.01 m    Warm Subterran       P    0.30    0.67   414.0  2207.2    220.    263.    0.75

    KOI-771.01 m    Warm Subterran       P    0.30    0.67   670.6  3302.3    201.    245.    0.66

   KOI-1902.01 m    Warm Subterran       P    0.30    0.67   137.9   657.6    192.    236.    0.61

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III. Comparison with Solar System Planets

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            Name              pClass  hClass   M(EU)   R(EU)  P(yrs)   d(AU)  Teq(K)   Ts(K)   ESI

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         Mercury       Hot Mercurian       X    0.06    0.38     0.2     0.4    440.    440.  0.39

           Venus         Warm Terran       T    0.81    0.95     0.6     0.7    184.    737.  0.78

           Earth         Warm Terran       M    1.00    1.00     1.0     1.0    254.    288.  1.00

            Mars      Warm Subterran       P    0.11    0.53     1.9     1.5    210.    210.  0.64

         Jupiter         Cold Jovian       X  318.00   10.97    11.9     5.2    110.    165.  0.12

          Saturn         Cold Jovian       X   95.20    9.14    29.4     9.5     81.    134.  0.11

          Uranus      Cold Neptunian       X   14.50    3.98    84.0    19.2     58.     76.  0.18

         Neptune      Cold Neptunian       X   17.10    3.87   164.8    30.1     47.     72.  0.18

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Legend

  • Name - name of the exoplanet, a letter m after the name denotes an exomoon.
  • pClass - planetary class: [hot, warm, cold] mercurian, subterran, terran, superterran, jovian, neptunian.
  • hClass - habitable class: hypopsychroplanet (O), psychroplanet (P), mesoplanet (M), thermoplanet (T), hyperthermoplanet (E), non-habitable (X).
  • M - mass in Earth units (EU), using most probable inclination (60°) or estimated from mass-radius relationships in many cases.
  • R - radius in Earth units (EU), estimated from mass-radius relationships in many cases.
  • P - orbital period in days (for exomoons is the exoplanet period).
  • D - distance from Earth in light years (lyr).
  • Teq - equilibrium temperature in kelvins (K) assuming an albedo of 0.3 in all cases.
  • Ts - mean surface temperature in kelvins (K) based on a similar terrestrial atmosphere to planet mass ratio and a greenhouse effect due to 1% CO2 (assuming an albedo of 0.3 in all cases).
  • ESI - Earth Similarity Index, a measure of similarity to Earth (results are sorted by this number).

Important Notes

  • Some Kepler candidates include the size corrections suggested by Muirhead et al. (2012).
  • Predicted exomoons are based on a probable 10-4 fraction of the planet mass as an exomoon (Canup and Ward, 2006), but this mass can be distributed into many satellites.
  • Prediction of exomoons in Kepler Candidates are based on any exoplanet with radius larger than 10 Earth radius. There are wide variations of masses after this size so this list just shows only candidates of interest. A minimum mass of 0.3 EU and radius 0.7 EU (a subterran) was assumed in all cases.
References
  • Canup RM, Ward WR (2006) A common mass scaling for satellite systems of gaseous planets. Nature, 441: 834-839.
  • Muirhead PS, Hamren K, Everett E, Rojas-Ayala B, Covey KR, Lloyd JP (2012) Characterizing the Cool Kepler Objects of Interests. New Effective Temperatures, Metallicities, Masses, and Radii of Low-mass Kepler Planet-candidate Host Stars. ApJ 750, L37.